5% 98% Vitamin K1 CAS 84-80-0
Do you know vitamin K1?
Vitamin K1 is a fat-soluble vitamin and a key member of the vitamin K family. It plays a key role in blood clotting and bone health. Also known as phylloquinone, vitamin K1 is found in leafy greens, broccoli, and red cabbage. It plays a key role in blood clotting and is also available in supplements or medications. It is often used to treat coagulation disorders or vitamin K deficiency caused by certain medical conditions.
Pharmacological Effects of Vitamin K1
Promoting Blood Coagulation
Vitamin K1 is essential for the liver to synthesize coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. These coagulation factors play a key role in blood clotting. Vitamin K1 deficiency can lead to impaired synthesis of these coagulation factors, causing bleeding tendency and prolonged prothrombin time.
Involvement in bone metabolism
Vitamin K1 participates in the synthesis of osteocalcin (BGP), which contributes to the synthesis of calcium phosphate in bones, playing a role in maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis.
Antioxidant effects
Vitamin K1 protects neurons and primary oligodendrocytes from oxidative stress by blocking the activation of 12-lipoxygenase and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Vitamin K intake can improve cognitive function in healthy elderly individuals. One study showed that vitamin K1 is associated with better verbal episodic memory performance, particularly on recall tests.
Improving insulin resistance
Clinically, vitamin K1 500 μg/day for 36 months has been shown to improve insulin resistance in men (significantly reducing HOMA-IR).
Indications
Vitamin K1 is primarily used to treat bleeding disorders caused by vitamin K deficiency, such as obstructive jaundice, biliary fistula, and chronic diarrhea.
It is also used to treat hypoprothrombinemia caused by drugs such as coumarins and sodium salicylate.
For the prevention of neonatal hemorrhage, it can be given intramuscularly or intravenously to pregnant women before delivery or intramuscularly or subcutaneously to newborns after birth.
Uses of Vitamin K1
As a pharmaceutical preparation, vitamin K1 is clinically used to prevent and treat hypothrombinemia, vitamin K1 deficiency, spontaneous hemorrhage of the newborn, as well as bleeding caused by obstructive jaundice, biliary fistulas, chronic diarrhea, and hypoprothrombinemia caused by drugs such as coumarins and sodium salicylates.
Vitamin K1 also has analgesic and bronchospasm-relieving properties, and is significantly effective for colic caused by visceral smooth muscle colic, bile duct spasm, and intestinal spasm.
Vitamin K1 can also be used as an additive in multivitamin foods and livestock feed.
Suitable Populations and Symptoms of Deficiency
People Susceptible to Deficiency:
Newborns (whose intestinal flora is not yet established and who are prone to bleeding disorders);
People on long-term antibiotic use (whose intestinal flora is suppressed);
Patients with fat malabsorption disorders (such as hepatobiliary disease and Crohn's disease).
Symptoms of Deficiency:
Abnormal bleeding, such as subcutaneous ecchymosis, epistaxis, and gum bleeding;
Severe cases may lead to internal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage (more common in newborns).
About K2 and K1
K1 and K2 differ in their sources, chemical structures, absorption patterns, half-lives, and functions, as shown in the table below:
|
|
Vitamin K1 |
Vitamin K2 |
|
Source |
Green leafy vegetables |
Fermented foods, such as natto and butter. |
|
Chemical Structure |
Single molecule |
Composed of alkyl side chains of varying lengths. |
|
Absorption Method |
Mainly absorbed in the small intestine |
Produced and absorbed by beneficial bacteria in the intestines. |
|
Half-Life |
Absorbed in about 1 day |
Sustained for several days. |
|
Function |
Majorly involved in blood clotting |
Involved in blood coagulation and bone metabolism. |
|
Bone Health |
Research suggests vitamin K1 may benefit bone health |
Research indicates that vitamin K2 contributes more to bone health than vitamin K1. |
Vitamin K1 and K2 have different bioavailability levels, with vitamin K2 being more bioavailable. They also have different mechanisms of action. Vitamin K1 primarily participates in blood coagulation by activating coagulation factors, while vitamin K2 participates in bone metabolism by activating bone-forming cells and inhibiting bone-resorbing cells.
